papacy$57595$ - translation to greek
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papacy$57595$ - translation to greek

ASPECT OF HISTORY RELATING TO THE HISTORICAL RULERSHIP OF POPES
Papacy, history; Papal history; Baroque Papacy; History of the Popes; History of the Papacy
  • The [[Palais des Papes]] in Avignon
  • The breach of the Porta Pia during the [[Capture of Rome]]
  • According to Catholic doctrine, the popes are successors of [[Saint Peter]] (kneeling, right)
  • The opening of the Second Session of the [[Second Vatican Council]]
  • [[Justinian I]] re-conquered Rome and appointed the next three popes.
  • ...and Orvieto
  • papal palace]] in Viterbo...
  • [[Pope John Paul II]] (1978–2005)
  • Pope Francis
  • Giulio de' Medici]] ''(left, the future Pope Clement VII)'' and Luigi de' Rossi ''(right)'', whom he appointed as [[cardinal-nephew]]s.
  • Raphael's ''[[The Baptism of Constantine]]'' depicts Sylvester I instead of his actual baptizer [[Eusebius of Nicomedia]], an [[Arian]] bishop.
  • A map of [[Vatican City]], as established by the [[Lateran Treaty]] (1929)
  • talk page]].

papacy      
n. παπισμός

Definition

papacy
n.
1.
Popedom.
2.
Popes, line of popes, popes collectively.

Wikipedia

History of the papacy

The history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church, spans from the time of Peter, to the present day. Moreover, many of the bishops of Rome in the first three centuries of the Christian era are obscure figures. Most of Peter's successors in the first three centuries following his life suffered martyrdom along with members of their flock in periods of persecution.

During the Early Church, the bishops of Rome enjoyed no temporal power until the time of Constantine. After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire (the "Middle Ages", about 476), the papacy was influenced by the temporal rulers of the surrounding Italian Peninsula; these periods are known as the Ostrogothic Papacy, Byzantine Papacy, and Frankish Papacy. Over time, the papacy consolidated its territorial claims to a portion of the peninsula known as the Papal States. Thereafter, the role of neighboring sovereigns was replaced by powerful Roman families during the saeculum obscurum, the Crescentii era, and the Tusculan Papacy.

From 1048 to 1257, the papacy experienced increasing conflict with the leaders and churches of the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). Conflict with the latter culminated in the East–West Schism, dividing the Western Church and Eastern Church. From 1257–1377, the pope, though the bishop of Rome, resided in Viterbo, Orvieto, and Perugia, and lastly Avignon. The return of the popes to Rome after the Avignon Papacy was followed by the Western Schism: the division of the Western Church between two and, for a time, three competing papal claimants.

The Renaissance Papacy is known for its artistic and architectural patronage, forays into European power politics, and theological challenges to papal authority. After the start of the Protestant Reformation, the Reformation Papacy and Baroque Papacy led the Catholic Church through the Counter-Reformation. The popes during the Age of Revolution witnessed the largest expropriation of wealth in the church's history, during the French Revolution and those that followed throughout Europe. The Roman Question, arising from Italian unification, resulted in the loss of the Papal States and the creation of Vatican City.